2025-04-10 08:30:09 -03:00

326 lines
12 KiB
Racket

#lang plait
(define-type TypeExp
[numTE]
[boolTE]
[arrowTE (arg : TypeExp)
(result : TypeExp)]
[objTE (fields : (Listof (Symbol * TypeExp)))])
(define-type Exp
[numE (n : Number)]
[boolE (b : Boolean)]
[plusE (left : Exp) (right : Exp)]
[timesE (left : Exp) (right : Exp)]
[minusE (left : Exp) (right : Exp)]
[leqE (left : Exp) (right : Exp)]
[lamE (var : Symbol) (te : TypeExp) (body : Exp)]
[appE (fun : Exp) (arg : Exp)]
[varE (name : Symbol)]
[ifE (check : Exp) (zero : Exp) (non-zero : Exp)]
[let1E (var : Symbol) (te : TypeExp) (value : Exp) (body : Exp)]
[recE (var : Symbol) (te : TypeExp) (value : Exp) (body : Exp)]
[objE (fields : (Listof (Symbol * Exp)))]
[msgE (obj : Exp) (selector : Symbol)]
)
(define-type Type
[numT]
[boolT]
[arrowT (arg : Type)
(result : Type)]
[objT (fields : (Hashof Symbol Type))])
(define-type-alias TypeEnv (Hashof Symbol Type))
(define mt-type-env (hash empty)) ;; "empty type environment"
(define (type-lookup (s : Symbol) (n : TypeEnv))
(type-case (Optionof Type) (hash-ref n s)
[(none) (error s "not bound")]
[(some b) b]))
(module+ test
(test/exn (type-lookup 'x mt-type-env) "not bound"))
(define (type-extend (env : TypeEnv) (s : Symbol) (t : Type))
(hash-set env s t))
(define (interp-te te)
(type-case TypeExp te
[(numTE) (numT)]
[(boolTE) (boolT)]
[(arrowTE a b) (arrowT (interp-te a)
(interp-te b))]
[(objTE fields) (objT (hash
(map (lambda (key-val)
(values (fst key-val)
(interp-te (snd key-val))))
fields)))]))
(module+ test
(test (interp-te (objTE
(list (pair 'add1 (arrowTE (numTE) (numTE)))
(pair 'compare (arrowTE (numTE) (boolTE))))))
(objT (hash (list (pair 'add1 (arrowT (numT) (numT)))
(pair 'compare (arrowT (numT) (boolT))))))))
(define (subtype? X Y)
(type-case Type X
[(numT) (type-case Type Y
[(numT) #t]
[else #f])]
[(boolT) (type-case Type Y
[(boolT) #t]
[else #f])]
[(arrowT X-arg X-result)
(type-case Type Y
[(arrowT Y-arg Y-result)
(and (subtype? Y-arg X-arg) ;; Contravariance of arguments
(subtype? X-result Y-result))] ;; Covariance of results
[else #f])]
[(objT X-fields)
(type-case Type Y
[(objT Y-fields)
(local [(define (loop keys)
(if (empty? keys)
#t
(let ([key (first keys)])
(type-case (Optionof Type) (hash-ref Y-fields key)
[(none) #f] ;; Key not found in Y-fields
[(some Y-type)
(type-case (Optionof Type) (hash-ref X-fields key)
[(none) #f] ;; Key not found in X-fields
[(some X-type)
(and (subtype? X-type Y-type) ;; Check subtyping of field types
(loop (rest keys)))])]))))] ;; Recurse on remaining keys
(loop (hash-keys Y-fields)))]
[else #f])]))
(module+ test
(define hello-t (objT (hash (list (pair 'hello (numT))))))
(define hello-goodbye-t (objT (hash (list
(pair 'hello (numT))
(pair 'goodbye (boolT))))))
(test (subtype? (numT) (boolT)) #f)
(test (subtype? (numT) (numT)) #t)
(test (subtype? (numT) hello-t) #f)
(test (subtype? hello-t (objT (hash (list (pair 'hello (boolT)))))) #f)
(test (subtype? hello-goodbye-t hello-t) #t)
(test (subtype? hello-t hello-goodbye-t) #f))
(define (typecheck [exp : Exp] [env : TypeEnv]) : Type
(local
[(define (num2 l r type)
(let ([left-t (typecheck l env)]
[right-t (typecheck r env)])
(if (and (equal? (numT) left-t) (equal? (numT) right-t))
type
(error 'typecheck "expected 2 num"))))]
(type-case Exp exp
[(numE n) (numT)]
[(boolE b) (boolT)]
[(plusE l r) (num2 l r (numT))]
[(minusE l r) (num2 l r (numT))]
[(timesE l r) (num2 l r (numT))]
[(leqE l r) (num2 l r (boolT))]
[(varE s) (type-lookup s env)]
[(lamE name te body)
(let* ([arg-type (interp-te te)]
[body-type (typecheck body (type-extend env name arg-type))])
(arrowT arg-type body-type))]
[(appE fn arg)
(type-case Type (typecheck fn env)
[(arrowT arg-type result-type)
(let ([actual-type (typecheck arg env)])
(if (equal? arg-type actual-type)
result-type
(error 'typecheck "argument type")))]
[else (error 'typecheck "not function")])]
[(ifE c t f)
(if (equal? (typecheck c env) (boolT))
(let ([t-type (typecheck t env)]
[f-type (typecheck f env)])
(if (equal? f-type t-type)
f-type
(error 'typecheck "branches must have same type")))
(error 'typecheck "expected boolean"))]
[(let1E var te val body)
(let* ([var-t (interp-te te)]
[val-t (typecheck val env)]
[body-t (typecheck body (type-extend env var var-t))])
(if (equal? var-t val-t)
body-t
(error 'typecheck "type does not match annotation")))]
[(recE var te val body)
(let* ([var-t (interp-te te)]
[val-t (typecheck val (type-extend env var var-t))]
[body-t (typecheck body (type-extend env var var-t))])
(if (equal? var-t val-t)
body-t
(error 'typecheck "type does not match annotation")))]
[(objE fields)
(let*
([extract-exp (lambda (obj) (pair (fst obj) (typecheck (snd obj) env)))]
[field-list (map extract-exp fields)])
(objT (hash field-list)))]
[(msgE obj selector)
(type-case Exp obj
[(objE fields)
(type-case (Optionof Exp) (hash-ref (make-hash fields) selector)
[(none) (error 'typecheck "unknown field")]
[(some v) (typecheck v env)])]
[(varE name)
(type-case Type (type-lookup name env)
[(objT fields) (type-lookup selector fields)]
[else (error 'typecheck "bound variable is not an object")])]
[else (error 'typecheck "passing message to non-object")])])))
(define (parse-error sx)
(error 'parse (string-append "parse error: " (to-string sx))))
(module+ test
(test/exn (parse `"strings are not in our language") "parse")
(test/exn (parse `{& 1 2}) "parse"))
(define (sx-ref sx n) (list-ref (s-exp->list sx) n))
(define (parse-te sx)
(cond
[(s-exp-symbol? sx)
(case (s-exp->symbol sx)
[(num) (numTE)]
[(bool) (boolTE)])]
[(s-exp-match? `(ANY -> ANY) sx)
(arrowTE (parse-te (sx-ref sx 0)) (parse-te (sx-ref sx 2)))]
[(s-exp-match? `(obj (SYMBOL ANY) ...) sx)
(objTE
(map (lambda (element)
(pair (s-exp->symbol (sx-ref element 0))
(parse-te (sx-ref element 1))))
(rest (s-exp->list sx))))]))
(define (parse sx)
(local
[(define (px i) (parse (sx-ref sx i)))]
(cond
[(s-exp-number? sx) (numE (s-exp->number sx))]
[(s-exp-symbol? sx)
(let ([sym (s-exp->symbol sx)])
(case sym
[(true) (boolE #t)]
[(false) (boolE #f)]
[else (varE sym)]))]
[(s-exp-match? `(msg ANY SYMBOL) sx)
(msgE (px 1) (s-exp->symbol (sx-ref sx 2)))]
[(s-exp-match? `(obj (SYMBOL ANY) ...) sx)
(objE
(map
(lambda (element)
(pair (s-exp->symbol (sx-ref element 0))
(parse (sx-ref element 1))))
(rest (s-exp->list sx))))]
[(s-exp-match? `(lam (SYMBOL : ANY) ANY) sx)
(let* ([args (sx-ref sx 1)]
[id (s-exp->symbol (sx-ref args 0))]
[te (parse-te (sx-ref args 2))]
[body (px 2)])
(lamE id te body))]
[(s-exp-match? `(let1 (SYMBOL : ANY) ANY ANY) sx)
(let* ([args (sx-ref sx 1)]
[id (s-exp->symbol (sx-ref args 0))]
[te (parse-te (sx-ref args 2))]
[rhs (px 2)]
[body (px 3)])
(let1E id te rhs body))]
[(s-exp-match? `(rec (SYMBOL : ANY) ANY ANY) sx)
(let* ([args (sx-ref sx 1)]
[id (s-exp->symbol (sx-ref args 0))]
[te (parse-te (sx-ref args 2))]
[rhs (px 2)]
[body (px 3)])
(recE id te rhs body))]
[(s-exp-match? `(ANY ANY) sx)
(appE (px 0) (px 1))]
[(s-exp-list? sx)
(case (s-exp->symbol (sx-ref sx 0))
[(+) (plusE (px 1) (px 2))]
[(-) (minusE (px 1) (px 2))]
[(*) (timesE (px 1) (px 2))]
[(<=) (leqE (px 1) (px 2))]
[(if) (ifE (px 1) (px 2) (px 3))]
[else (parse-error sx)])]
[else (parse-error sx)])))
(module+ test
(test (parse `{obj {hello true} {goodbye 42}})
(objE (list (pair 'hello (boolE #t))
(pair 'goodbye (numE 42)))))
(test (parse `{lam {x : (obj (n-func (num -> num)))} x})
(lamE 'x (objTE (list (pair 'n-func (arrowTE (numTE) (numTE)))))
(varE 'x))))
(tc : (S-Exp -> Type))
(define (tc s)
(typecheck (parse s) mt-type-env))
(module+ test
(test (tc `{+ 1 2}) (numT))
(test/exn (tc `{+ true 2}) "expected 2 num")
(test/exn (tc `{1 1}) "function")
(test/exn (tc `{{lam {b : bool} false} 1}) "argument type")
(test/exn (tc `{if false 1 true}) "branches")
(test/exn (tc `{if 1 false true}) "boolean")
(test/exn (tc `{let1 [x : num] true x}) "annotation")
(test/exn (tc `{rec [x : num] true x}) "annotation"))
(module+ test
(define sampler `{obj {hello true}
{goodbye false}
{a-num 42}
{n-func {lam {x : num} x}}
{b-func {lam {x : bool} x}}
})
(test (tc sampler)
(objT (hash (list (pair 'hello (boolT))
(pair 'goodbye (boolT))
(pair 'a-num (numT))
(pair 'n-func (arrowT (numT) (numT)))
(pair 'b-func (arrowT (boolT) (boolT)))))))
(test (tc `{msg ,sampler hello}) (boolT))
(test/exn (tc `{msg 1 hello}) "object")
(test/exn (tc `{msg ,sampler blah}) "unknown field")
(define obj-fun `{lam {x : (obj (n-func (num -> num)))} {{msg x n-func} 3}})
(test (tc obj-fun) (arrowT
(objT (hash (list (pair 'n-func (arrowT (numT) (numT))))))
(numT)))
(test (tc `{,obj-fun {obj {n-func {lam {x : num} x}}}}) (numT))
(test/exn (tc `{,obj-fun 2}) "argument type")
(test/exn (tc `{if true ,obj-fun 2}) "branches")
(test (tc `{rec {fact : (obj (run (num -> num)))}
{obj {run {lam {n : num}
{if {<= n 0} 1 {* n {{msg fact run} {- n 1}}}}}}}
{{msg fact run} 10}})
(numT)))
(module+ test
(test (tc `{,obj-fun {obj {n-func {lam {x : num} x}}
{b-func {lam {x : bool} x}}}}) (numT))
(test (tc `{let1 {f : {(obj (n-func (num -> num))) -> num}}
,obj-fun
{f ,sampler}})
(numT)))
(module+ test
(test (subtype? (arrowT hello-t hello-t)
(arrowT hello-t hello-t)) #t)
(test (subtype? (arrowT hello-t hello-t)
(arrowT hello-t hello-goodbye-t)) #f)
(test (subtype? (arrowT hello-t hello-goodbye-t)
(arrowT hello-t hello-t)) #t)
(test (subtype? (arrowT hello-t hello-goodbye-t)
(arrowT hello-goodbye-t hello-t)) #t)
(test (subtype? (arrowT hello-goodbye-t hello-goodbye-t)
(arrowT hello-t hello-t)) #f)
;; for coverage
(test (subtype? (arrowT (numT) (numT)) (numT)) #f)
(test (subtype? (numT) (arrowT (numT) (numT))) #f))