Notes/UNB/Year 4/Semester 2/CS2333/2024-01-24.md

Lecture Topic:

# Equivalence Classes
You can represent equivalence classes by writing each one as a set:
$$C_0 = \{..., -10, -5, 0, 5, 10, 15, ...\} \text{ or } \{5p | p \in \mathbb{Z}\}$$
$$C_0 = \{..., -9, -4, 1, 6, 11, 16, ...\} \text{ or } \{5p + 1| p \in \mathbb{Z}\}$$
$$\text{and so on...}$$
# Graphs
Definitions:
- For each *vertex* v, the **degree** of v is the number of edges incident on v
- A *path* is a **sequence** of vertices connected by edges
- A *cycle* is a path that **starts and ends** at the same vertex
- A *simple path* is a path that has **no repeated** vertices
- A *connected graph* contains a path between **every pair** of vertices
- A *disconnected graph* is the opposite (look at slides for real def)

# Regular Languages
A class of languages that can be processed by simple computers called **finite automata**

## Simple Example of a finite automaton
Vending machine/toll booth gate
Requires 25 cents or more to be deposited (gives no change)

Takes as input, 5 cent, 10 cent, 25 cent coins
Uses **states** to remember how much has been deposited so far

States:
- q_0 : 0 cents deposited (START STATE)
- q_5 : 5 cents
- q_10 : 10 cents
- q_15 : 15 cents
- q_20 : 20 cents
- q_25 : 25 cents (ACCEPT STATE)

We represent the input as a **string** of symbols.
- n = nickel
- d = dime
- q = quarter
Examples:
- ddn
- ndd
- dnd
- q
Not accepted examples:
- nd
- d
- $\epsilon$
## State Diagram
(not really possible without an image in obsidian)

# Finite Automata