2024-09-11 14:18:28

This commit is contained in:
Isaac Shoebottom 2024-09-11 14:18:28 -03:00
parent f0506673d6
commit 054787870c
2 changed files with 67 additions and 6 deletions

View File

@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
"state": {
"type": "markdown",
"state": {
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/Race predictions group project.md",
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md",
"mode": "source",
"source": false
}
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
"state": {
"type": "backlink",
"state": {
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/Race predictions group project.md",
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md",
"collapseAll": false,
"extraContext": false,
"sortOrder": "alphabetical",
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
"state": {
"type": "outgoing-link",
"state": {
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/Race predictions group project.md",
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md",
"linksCollapsed": false,
"unlinkedCollapsed": true
}
@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
"state": {
"type": "outline",
"state": {
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/Race predictions group project.md"
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md"
}
}
}
@ -149,8 +149,8 @@
},
"active": "3e47767dcfdfb364",
"lastOpenFiles": [
"UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/In class notes.md",
"UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/Race predictions group project.md",
"UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/In class notes.md",
"UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/CS3113/In class notes.md",
"UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/MAAC3113/In class notes.md",
"UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/MAAC3113",

View File

@ -68,3 +68,64 @@ Their goals:
- Soviet foreign policy - revolutionary impulse is significant
- But there is a powerful pragmatic streak - willing to cut deals, shift sides
- Stalin wants to expand revolution - but also to regain territory, influence of USSR
## Overview
- Soviet Union: Moves from cooperating with Nazi Germany to allying with british empire, USA
- Initial desire to continue cooperating in postwar years soon runs into problems
- By 1947th alliance has broken down, Cold War has begun - why? Was the breakdown inevitable?
## Shifting Soviet Policy
### The Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939-41)
- Two states agree not to fight, and to partition territory
- Promotes hostility towards Soviet Union, communist parties in the western democracies
- Britain, France go to war with Nazi Germany in 1939. France is defeated in 1940, but the British empire hangs on
- June 1941: Hitler decides to invade USSR; British indicate their willingness to support the soviets
### Turning Points (1941)
- Operation Barbarossa and Japans attack on Pearl Harbor
- The "Big Three" (Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill) meet in Tehran, 1943
### Formation of the Grand Alliance
- USA enters the war after Pearl Harbor (1941)
- Americans, British, Soviets become allies
- Soviets eventually halt German led invasions, push back, occupying most of Europe
- *More points in slides*
### The Soviet Perspective
- Devastated by war: Estimated 25 million dead
- Plays key role in defeat of Nazi Germany; Receives Lend-Lease Aid
- Soviets occupy territory in Eastern Europe, including Poland, Germany - Stalin wants a "sphere of influence"
- Willing to make some concessions - Stalin dissolves Comintern in 1943 - but insists on security and influence
### The Western Perspective
- The United States - dominant power with the largest economy, and had recently developed the atom bomb (1945)
- Franklin Roosevelt - wanted United Nations, open international order, and willing to work with the Soviets
- Replaced by Harry Truman in 1945 - Grows more concerned about Soviets and the spread of Communism
- British Empire - greatly weakened by the war, and wants to rebuild. The attitude was ambiguous towards the USSR
### Early Tensions
- Regular meetings of "Big Three" (1943-45)
- Cooperation continues - USSR joins war against Japan
- But problems began to emerge:
1. Future of Poland - uneasy agreement to move territory, form of coalition government
2. Future of Germany - divided into zones of occupation, what long term policy to pursue
3. Concerns about soviet espionage, and the potential spread of Communism
### Germany Divided
- Poland gains territory
- Four occupation zones
- Germans expelled from ...
### Rising Tensions (1946-47)
- Sources of Tensions
- Soviet actives in eastern Europe cause concern
- Soviet troops are slow to withdraw from Iran
- Stalin puts pressure on Turkey for access, bases
- Greek civil war, Communist vs Anti-Communists; fears of Soviet intervention
- European economies are struggling; American officials feat communism will gain further support
- Shifting Policies
- March 1947 - US president Harry Truman promises aid to Greece, Turkey - but framed in broad terms (The Truman Doctrine)
- June 1947 - The US secretary of state George Marshall proposes massive aid package to support European reconstruction (The Marshall Plan)
- Western and Eastern European states are invited t participate, asked to develop coordinated plan; Britain and France are keen.
- The Soviet Response - How to interpret?
- Wilfred Loth - Soviet are suspicious of the Marshall Plan, quickly reject it, veto East European involvement
- Geoffrey Roberts - Soviet Response was initially more ambiguous, several reasons for rejection; East European role was complex, not just an issues of "veto"
- Soviets go on to mobilize criticism of Marshall Plan, create "Cominform" and tighten grip of Eastern Europe
## Key Points
- Stalin's foreign policy - complex, driven by desire for security but also to enhance Soviet influence.
- Willing to work with wartime allances but within limits - by 1947 those limits are breached. Historians debate if he was actually truthful about this willingness
- Role of shifting perceptions (in USSR and USA)
- Significance of ideology in shaping perceptions
- Significance of advisors, role of other states