2024-09-11 14:18:28
This commit is contained in:
parent
f0506673d6
commit
054787870c
10
.obsidian/workspace.json
vendored
10
.obsidian/workspace.json
vendored
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
|
||||
"state": {
|
||||
"type": "markdown",
|
||||
"state": {
|
||||
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/Race predictions group project.md",
|
||||
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md",
|
||||
"mode": "source",
|
||||
"source": false
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
|
||||
"state": {
|
||||
"type": "backlink",
|
||||
"state": {
|
||||
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/Race predictions group project.md",
|
||||
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md",
|
||||
"collapseAll": false,
|
||||
"extraContext": false,
|
||||
"sortOrder": "alphabetical",
|
||||
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
|
||||
"state": {
|
||||
"type": "outgoing-link",
|
||||
"state": {
|
||||
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/Race predictions group project.md",
|
||||
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md",
|
||||
"linksCollapsed": false,
|
||||
"unlinkedCollapsed": true
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
|
||||
"state": {
|
||||
"type": "outline",
|
||||
"state": {
|
||||
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/Race predictions group project.md"
|
||||
"file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -149,8 +149,8 @@
|
||||
},
|
||||
"active": "3e47767dcfdfb364",
|
||||
"lastOpenFiles": [
|
||||
"UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/In class notes.md",
|
||||
"UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/Race predictions group project.md",
|
||||
"UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/In class notes.md",
|
||||
"UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/CS3113/In class notes.md",
|
||||
"UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/MAAC3113/In class notes.md",
|
||||
"UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/MAAC3113",
|
||||
|
||||
@ -67,4 +67,65 @@ Their goals:
|
||||
## Key points
|
||||
- Soviet foreign policy - revolutionary impulse is significant
|
||||
- But there is a powerful pragmatic streak - willing to cut deals, shift sides
|
||||
- Stalin wants to expand revolution - but also to regain territory, influence of USSR
|
||||
- Stalin wants to expand revolution - but also to regain territory, influence of USSR
|
||||
## Overview
|
||||
- Soviet Union: Moves from cooperating with Nazi Germany to allying with british empire, USA
|
||||
- Initial desire to continue cooperating in postwar years soon runs into problems
|
||||
- By 1947th alliance has broken down, Cold War has begun - why? Was the breakdown inevitable?
|
||||
## Shifting Soviet Policy
|
||||
### The Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939-41)
|
||||
- Two states agree not to fight, and to partition territory
|
||||
- Promotes hostility towards Soviet Union, communist parties in the western democracies
|
||||
- Britain, France go to war with Nazi Germany in 1939. France is defeated in 1940, but the British empire hangs on
|
||||
- June 1941: Hitler decides to invade USSR; British indicate their willingness to support the soviets
|
||||
### Turning Points (1941)
|
||||
- Operation Barbarossa and Japans attack on Pearl Harbor
|
||||
- The "Big Three" (Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill) meet in Tehran, 1943
|
||||
### Formation of the Grand Alliance
|
||||
- USA enters the war after Pearl Harbor (1941)
|
||||
- Americans, British, Soviets become allies
|
||||
- Soviets eventually halt German led invasions, push back, occupying most of Europe
|
||||
- *More points in slides*
|
||||
### The Soviet Perspective
|
||||
- Devastated by war: Estimated 25 million dead
|
||||
- Plays key role in defeat of Nazi Germany; Receives Lend-Lease Aid
|
||||
- Soviets occupy territory in Eastern Europe, including Poland, Germany - Stalin wants a "sphere of influence"
|
||||
- Willing to make some concessions - Stalin dissolves Comintern in 1943 - but insists on security and influence
|
||||
### The Western Perspective
|
||||
- The United States - dominant power with the largest economy, and had recently developed the atom bomb (1945)
|
||||
- Franklin Roosevelt - wanted United Nations, open international order, and willing to work with the Soviets
|
||||
- Replaced by Harry Truman in 1945 - Grows more concerned about Soviets and the spread of Communism
|
||||
- British Empire - greatly weakened by the war, and wants to rebuild. The attitude was ambiguous towards the USSR
|
||||
### Early Tensions
|
||||
- Regular meetings of "Big Three" (1943-45)
|
||||
- Cooperation continues - USSR joins war against Japan
|
||||
- But problems began to emerge:
|
||||
1. Future of Poland - uneasy agreement to move territory, form of coalition government
|
||||
2. Future of Germany - divided into zones of occupation, what long term policy to pursue
|
||||
3. Concerns about soviet espionage, and the potential spread of Communism
|
||||
### Germany Divided
|
||||
- Poland gains territory
|
||||
- Four occupation zones
|
||||
- Germans expelled from ...
|
||||
### Rising Tensions (1946-47)
|
||||
- Sources of Tensions
|
||||
- Soviet actives in eastern Europe cause concern
|
||||
- Soviet troops are slow to withdraw from Iran
|
||||
- Stalin puts pressure on Turkey for access, bases
|
||||
- Greek civil war, Communist vs Anti-Communists; fears of Soviet intervention
|
||||
- European economies are struggling; American officials feat communism will gain further support
|
||||
- Shifting Policies
|
||||
- March 1947 - US president Harry Truman promises aid to Greece, Turkey - but framed in broad terms (The Truman Doctrine)
|
||||
- June 1947 - The US secretary of state George Marshall proposes massive aid package to support European reconstruction (The Marshall Plan)
|
||||
- Western and Eastern European states are invited t participate, asked to develop coordinated plan; Britain and France are keen.
|
||||
- The Soviet Response - How to interpret?
|
||||
- Wilfred Loth - Soviet are suspicious of the Marshall Plan, quickly reject it, veto East European involvement
|
||||
- Geoffrey Roberts - Soviet Response was initially more ambiguous, several reasons for rejection; East European role was complex, not just an issues of "veto"
|
||||
- Soviets go on to mobilize criticism of Marshall Plan, create "Cominform" and tighten grip of Eastern Europe
|
||||
## Key Points
|
||||
- Stalin's foreign policy - complex, driven by desire for security but also to enhance Soviet influence.
|
||||
- Willing to work with wartime allances but within limits - by 1947 those limits are breached. Historians debate if he was actually truthful about this willingness
|
||||
- Role of shifting perceptions (in USSR and USA)
|
||||
- Significance of ideology in shaping perceptions
|
||||
- Significance of advisors, role of other states
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user