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# Russia
# Module 1 (Cold War)
## Background on Russia
- Long history of expansion
- A multinational empire
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2. Second article
-
3. Third reading\
- Gorbachev ending the Cold War
- Gorbachev ending the Cold War
# Module 2 (Early Modern)
- Ordering time
- Chronology: Placing of events in a sequence of occurrences
- Periodization: Divide, categorize and name chronological periods of blocks of time
- Traditional way:
- Ancient era: Until the fall of the roman empire in the 5th century
- Medieval era/middle ages 5th to 15th centuries
- Modern era: from the 15th century until the present day
- Then historians began to conceive of an early modern era, from the beak of modernity in the 15th until the 18th century, calling after the french revolution as truly modern
- Basic prioritization for European history
- Ancient era: Same
- Medieval era/middle ages: Same
- Early modern era 15th -18 centuries
- Modern era: 19th until the present day
## Defining Early modernity
- How "new" and different was the early modern period?
- How and when did the early modern period end?
- And how different was it from what came after?
- Degree of continuity/discontinuity between historical periods depends on what aspects of history one focuses on
### When did the modern era begin?
- Possible events
- Siege of Constantinople: 1453
- Gutenberg Bible: 1454
- Columbus first voyage: 1492
- Martin Luther's 95 theses: 1517
- Or a process
- The Renaissance
- Religious reformation
- Large-scale gunpowder warfare
- Bullion from the "New World"
- Early nation ...
- Or features
- Global interaction and exploration
- Shift in global trade flows
- Unprecedented rise in slave trade
- Emergence of new cash crops
- Shifts in political ideology
- New technologies
- New types of public sphere and collective identities
### Great Chain of Being
- God
- Angels;Demons
- Stars, moon
- Kings, Princes
- Nobles
- Commoners
- Animals
- Plants. minerals, etc