From 1b780176b99ae6440777d97810fd2033fca27cbf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Isaac Shoebottom Date: Mon, 4 Nov 2024 14:11:40 -0400 Subject: [PATCH] 2024-11-04 14:11:40 --- .../Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md | 66 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 66 insertions(+) diff --git a/UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md b/UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md index dfbc34a..b62a12a 100644 --- a/UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md +++ b/UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md @@ -537,3 +537,69 @@ So what can we do - Iron Age - BP (before present) - Others? +## Lecture 2 (Didnt get title) +- Prehistory + - a +- Archaeology + - Study of past humans through the remains of their activities + - What can we recreate / know / can't know from archaeology +- Evolution of modern humans + - Homo habilis 2.8 mya used stone tools + - Homo erectus 1.5 mya used fire and complex tools and left africa + - 100-50 kya homo sapiens migrated out of Africa, replaced previous hominids, and developed "behavioral modernity" +- Eras + - Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) - 3.3 mya - 12 kya + - Lower (3.3 mya - 300 kya) + - Middle (300 - 50 kya) + - Upper (50-12 kya) + - What makes these distinction salient + - Lower: simple stone tools (pick best stone) + - Middle: prepaired stone tools, art, burial pracitices + - Upper: flint tools, complex tools (hook, lamps), cave art, figural art + - But these are gradual changes, and always under revision + - Cultures are named after type sites: eg. Oldowan tools from Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania +- Three Age System + - Stone Age - 3.3mya - 2000bce + - Bronze Age 3300bce - 1200 bce + - Iron Age 1200 - ? +- Neolithic + - Pre pottery Neolithic (10 000 - 6500 bce) + - Pottery Neolithic (7000 - 4500 bce) + - Begins with transition to agriculture and ends with metalworking + - Younger Dryas event (global climate change) impacted hunter gatherer societies and increased food stress + - Divisions within are marked by new tools, new use of animals, plants, and architecture +- Agricultural Revolution + - Domestication of plants (flora) and animals (fauna) - 10 000 bce + - Repeated harvesting of wild varieties slowly fed to beneficial traits being selected, creating out modern domestic species + - Goats were probably the first animals domesticated + - Didn't necessarily lead to healthier or better outcomes +- Beginning of Urbanism + - Early Cities + - Cataholouk + - Jericho + - Populations began to settle down and use the surpleuses created by effcient agricultural production to densify and specialize their populations + - Complex architecture, public communal space + - Case Study - Gobekli Tepe + - Very early settlement (11500 - 10 000 BP) + - Large stone circular rooms and decorated pillar + - Evidence of food preparation (grain and animals bones, non-domesticated) + - Abandoned around when agriculture was invented + - Case Study - Ayn Ghazal + - Pre pottery Neolithic settlement outside of modern day Amman Jordan + - Discovered when a bulldozer litterally dug into it while exacating for a new road + - Amazing picture of what Neolothic life looked like and the beliefs/practicies of people pre-writing + - Excavated in the late 1980s (meaing the methods are very good) + - Houses + - Stone walls + - Single room + - Sunken plaster hearth + - Likely wooden posts holding up a roof, later turned into a two room house with a door + - Subsistence + - Domestication of wheat, barley, lentils, peas, chick-peas + - Animals remain show a huge reliance on goats, but also a wide variety of wild species + - The skeletal remains of animals show the actual process of domestic an (change in body), meaning it was happening while people lived at Ayn Ghazal (smaller heads, teeth) + - Statues + - Lime plaster statues molded around a reed core, the reeds were tightened with twine + - Statues were painted with ochre (red) and carbon (black) + - Eyes were outlined in green/black + - Lots of fine details in plaster, knees, toes, toe nails, small ears