IsaacShoebottom/Notes
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

2024-09-18 14:20:03

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
Isaac Shoebottom
2024-09-18 14:20:04 -03:00
parent 05ead42861
commit 325826dde9
2 changed files with 52 additions and 9 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

45
UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md
View File

@ -171,4 +171,47 @@ Their goals:
## Key Points
- Leadership changes from Stalin to Khrushchev: Change possible with USSR, but continuities are strong
- Cold War confrontation: Intelligence and military powers crucial, but competition for influence also involves "soft power"
- Foreign policy and domestic politics are linked: Khrushchev weakened, removed from office 1964
- Foreign policy and domestic politics are linked: Khrushchev weakened, removed from office 1964
## Overview
- Leadership change from Khrushchev to Brezhnev
- Soviet Cold War policy increasingly complex, expanding military, active in seeking influence, tensions with china
- 2 more points in slides
## Leonid Brezhnev
- Became dominant soviet leader after Khrushchev is removed in 1964, remains in office until death in 1982
- Very much a product of the soviet system, hopes to sustain it, despite growing challenges
- Foreign policy goals: retain Soviet Bloc, avoid Nuclear war, compete with USA and PRC for influence
## Challenges for the Soviet Bloc
- Previous Uprising (East Germany 1953, Hungary Revolution of 1956) were violently suppressed
- Czechoslovakia 1968 - New leader, Alexander Dubcek, seeks to enact reforms while remaining in the Warsaw Pact: Socialism with a human face
- Brezhnev and colleagues grow concerned about implications - send in military forces, August 1968
- "The Brezhnev Doctrine" asserts right to intervention
## Soviet System under Brezhnev
- Initially, economy grows, helped by Oil exports
- But economic growth stalls mid 1970s-80s
- Brezhnev spends heavily on military, strains economy
- Growing sense of disillusionment, Brezhnev declines
## Soviet Union and the Vietnam War
- The conflict between Communist North Vietnam, authoritarian republic of Vietnam (South)
- US intervention in Vietnam intensifies in 1960s
- Mao Zedong's regime supports North Vietnam but soviets steadily increase aid to compete
- North Vietnam wins (1975) but USSR had spent billions
## Relations with Mao's China
- Rivalry for revolutionary leadership increasingly bitter
- 4 more points in the notes
## The rise and fall of Detente
- US, USSR both want to reduce threat of nuclear war
- Detente involves US, Soviet, German and European leaders
- SALT: Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
- SALT I signed, placing restrictions on nuclear arms
- Paralleled by political development in German states and Europe; talks begin for a SALT 2 treaty
## Limitations of Detente
- Soviet Union remains engaged in competition, support for international revolution - supplies arms to Arab states in conflict with Israel, supports African revolutionaries
- US Carter administration still negotiates but criticizes Soviet record on human rights, continues relations with PRC
- December 1979: Soviet Union invades Afghanistan to maintain pro-Communist regime
- Nuclear arms negotiations stall, detente at an end
## Key points
- Brezhnev - peruses contradictory policies
- Wants to avoid nuclear war, willing to negotiate with USA
- but also wants to ensure Soviet power is respected, continues to seek leadership in international affairs compared to PRC
- Detente with USA fails, Americans improve relations with China
- Desire to preserve influence leads to invasion of Afghanistan