2024-09-18 14:20:03

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UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md

@@ -172,3 +172,46 @@ Their goals:
 - Leadership changes from Stalin to Khrushchev: Change possible with USSR, but continuities are strong
 - Cold War confrontation: Intelligence and military powers crucial, but competition for influence also involves "soft power"
 - Foreign policy and domestic politics are linked: Khrushchev weakened, removed from office 1964
+## Overview
+- Leadership change from Khrushchev to Brezhnev
+- Soviet Cold War policy increasingly complex, expanding military, active in seeking influence, tensions with china
+- 2 more points in slides
+## Leonid Brezhnev
+- Became dominant soviet leader after Khrushchev is removed in 1964, remains in office until death in 1982
+- Very much a product of the soviet system, hopes to sustain it, despite growing challenges
+- Foreign policy goals: retain Soviet Bloc, avoid Nuclear war, compete with USA and PRC for influence
+## Challenges for the Soviet Bloc
+- Previous Uprising (East Germany 1953, Hungary Revolution of 1956) were violently suppressed
+- Czechoslovakia 1968 - New leader, Alexander Dubcek, seeks to enact reforms while remaining in the Warsaw Pact: Socialism with a human face
+- Brezhnev and colleagues grow concerned about implications - send in military forces, August 1968
+- "The Brezhnev Doctrine" asserts right to intervention
+## Soviet System under Brezhnev
+- Initially, economy grows, helped by Oil exports
+- But economic growth stalls mid 1970s-80s
+- Brezhnev spends heavily on military, strains economy
+- Growing sense of disillusionment, Brezhnev declines
+## Soviet Union and the Vietnam War
+- The conflict between Communist North Vietnam, authoritarian republic of Vietnam (South)
+- US intervention in Vietnam intensifies in 1960s
+- Mao Zedong's regime supports North Vietnam but soviets steadily increase aid to compete
+- North Vietnam wins (1975) but USSR had spent billions
+## Relations with Mao's China
+- Rivalry for revolutionary leadership increasingly bitter
+- 4 more points in the notes
+## The rise and fall of Detente
+- US, USSR both want to reduce threat of nuclear war
+- Detente involves US, Soviet, German and European leaders
+- SALT: Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
+- SALT I signed, placing restrictions on nuclear arms
+- Paralleled by political development in German states and Europe; talks begin for a SALT 2 treaty
+## Limitations of Detente
+- Soviet Union remains engaged in competition, support for international revolution - supplies arms to Arab states in conflict with Israel, supports African revolutionaries
+- US Carter administration still negotiates but criticizes Soviet record on human rights, continues relations with PRC
+- December 1979: Soviet Union invades Afghanistan to maintain pro-Communist regime
+- Nuclear arms negotiations stall, detente at an end
+## Key points
+- Brezhnev - peruses contradictory policies
+- Wants to avoid nuclear war, willing to negotiate with USA
+- but also wants to ensure Soviet power is respected, continues to seek leadership in international affairs compared to PRC
+- Detente with USA fails, Americans improve relations with China
+- Desire to preserve influence leads to invasion of Afghanistan