From 6beb47891d96d0e67f5a1db6810b574423cc0083 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Isaac Shoebottom Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2024 14:18:56 -0300 Subject: [PATCH] 2024-10-11 14:18:56 --- .obsidian/workspace.json | 10 +-- .../Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md | 62 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/.obsidian/workspace.json b/.obsidian/workspace.json index a974fbb..9d96544 100644 --- a/.obsidian/workspace.json +++ b/.obsidian/workspace.json @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ "state": { "type": "markdown", "state": { - "file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/CS3113/Midterm 1 Review.md", + "file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md", "mode": "source", "source": false } @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ "state": { "type": "backlink", "state": { - "file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/CS3113/Midterm 1 Review.md", + "file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md", "collapseAll": false, "extraContext": false, "sortOrder": "alphabetical", @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ "state": { "type": "outgoing-link", "state": { - "file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/CS3113/Midterm 1 Review.md", + "file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md", "linksCollapsed": false, "unlinkedCollapsed": true } @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ "state": { "type": "outline", "state": { - "file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/CS3113/Midterm 1 Review.md" + "file": "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md" } } } @@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ }, "active": "9191391a49dbaeb6", "lastOpenFiles": [ - "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/CS3113/In class notes.md", "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/CS3113/Midterm 1 Review.md", + "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/CS3113/In class notes.md", "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md", "gcm-diagnose.log", "UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/In class notes.md", diff --git a/UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md b/UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md index afd6cdd..4ff3183 100644 --- a/UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md +++ b/UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md @@ -302,3 +302,65 @@ Reflection - Rise of universities in Europe (approx 20 in 1300, 50-70 by 1500) - Rise of vernacular literacy - Petrarch (1304-1374) +## Christianity +Medieval Europe was united by Catholic Christendom +- System of beliefs and values +- Dominant the world view +- church attendance +- life cycle and christian rites of passage: baptism, confirmation, marriage or religious vows, final rites +- Passage of time, religious holidays, church bells +- Churches as space of worship, religious education and socializing +- Art and music dominated by religious themes +- Unity and identity - difference from the Other (Jewish and Muslim) +- "Practice tied to place": Local saints, shrines, chapels, relics, celebrations, leadership and other variations +Many ways: +- Catholic church as landowner +- Social assistance (charity, orphanages, hospitals), education +- Parish priests administered the sacraments +- Bible only available in Latin +- Tithe +- The papacy controlled the religious hierarchy, distribution of power +## Reformation +- Across Europe, 16th century +- To reform the catholic Church +- met with resistance, many groups split from the church (Protestants) +- Broke religious uniformity of medieval Europe +- not a singular event; multiple processes +- A period characterized by religious warfare +- Counter-reformation +- Periodization often cited as the origins of (early) modernity +## Events +- Indulgence Controversy (1517) + - Indulgences: to purchase release from penance or purgatory + - Corruption? + - Depiction of the pope as the Antichrist signing and selling indulgences (by Lucas Cranach the Elder - 1521) +- Martin Luther (1483-1546) + - Professor of Theology at University of Wittenberg + - Luther and others denounced the sale of indulgences + - **Salvation by faith alone** + - Pope Leo X, indulgence sale to fund rebuilding of St. Peters basilica, Rome (1515) + - Luther's Ninety-five Theses (1517), Calling for debate + - Excommunicated and refused to recant + - Began to spread his ideas, and sparked debate on his theses + - Salvation, by faith, by works + - Scripture, who gets access, who can interpret + - "Priesthood of believers" + - Transubstantiation +- Radical Reform + - Ana-baptism (re-baptism; pacifism) + - Mennonites (Americans) + - Siege at Munster (stoked fears of fanaticism and overturning social order) +- The Peace of Augsburg (1555) + - Halted military encounter between Catholic and Protestant Princes in the Holy Roman Empire + - A compromise, recognizing the permanent religious division of the German states + - determined that the religion of the ruler of each state would be the official religion of that territory (eius religio) + - permitted Catholics to relocate the Catholic territories, permitted protestants to relocate to Protestant territories (resulted in large migration) +- English reformation + - Henry VIII - Defender of the Faith + - Act of Supremacy, 1534 +- Catholic / Counter Reformation + - To reaffirm Catholicism and negate Protestantism + - Focus on piety, charity, and devotion + - New religious orders (brotherhoods, monasteries and convents) and a renewal of old orders + - Power of the Papacy + - Council of Trent