From a22234a308da2e2ff66f2794de6aac8061bf7455 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Isaac Shoebottom Date: Wed, 6 Nov 2024 14:12:50 -0400 Subject: [PATCH] 2024-11-06 14:12:50 --- .../Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md | 67 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 67 insertions(+) diff --git a/UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md b/UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md index b62a12a..9ee762c 100644 --- a/UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md +++ b/UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1001/In class notes.md @@ -603,3 +603,70 @@ So what can we do - Statues were painted with ochre (red) and carbon (black) - Eyes were outlined in green/black - Lots of fine details in plaster, knees, toes, toe nails, small ears +## Writing +- What is writing + - Talking about writing systems, a socially agreed upon method for recording information + - Physical form of memory, often taking memories or thourghts and putting them on a physical item in the world + - Made up of grapemes (symbols) which represent a wide variety of types of information + - Not necessarily linear + - Are symbolic maps or calenders writing? +- Different ways of writing + - Writing is inveted for a purpose which often determines (along with available material) its form + - Alphabetic - Latin alphabet, Arabic abjad, alphabet with no vowels + - Syllabic - Japnese, Cherrokee, Amharic + - Logographic - Chinese + - Ideahraphic/Semasiographic - Writing without speech + - Writing systems change over time, ie symbols change over time +- How and why is writing invented + - Always exists before proper writing, but may not lead to writing + - Early notation systems, usually numbers or single non numerical symbols + - Examples: Neolithic lunar counts, Andean Quipu +- Invention of writing + - Cuniform + - Earlies form of writing, originates from early numerical tablets, tags, and clay tokens + - First examples date to around 3200 BCE in southern mesopotamia + - Early texts are economic accounts of transsactions + - The script is logosyllabic, symbals can be words or sounds + - In use for over 3000 years + - Materiality + - Impressed into wet clay tablets or carved into stone reliefs (rarely painted), also writte n on wax but only one fragment survives + - Incredibly durable, turn rock hard when fired in city buidling destruction + - around a million still left in the ground, 100s of thousands in museeum collections untranslated + - Heiroglyphs + - Early wooden stoen tags with precursor symbols + - First examples around 3200 bce in ancient egypt (abydos) + - Script is logogosyllabic + - Early texts are found in funerary contexts and record owners... + - Materiality + - Carved into stone surfaces + - Inked onto papyrus + - Stone carvings survives and paints survives well in tomes, papyrus survives in tombs + - Very little survives outside of funerary contexts + - New discovers are allowing us to read previously ignored sources (trash heaps) + - Chinese + - Early pictoral inscriptions exist, and maybe knotted cords but evidence is scarce + - First examples around found around 1200 bce + - Early texts are records of divination recored on turtle shells called "oracle bones", soon after it us used fr royal inscriptions cast in bronze + - Script is logogprahic + - Still in use today + - Materiality + - The tutyle bones and cast metal peices survive well in the archelogical recor, wood and bamboo slips have until recently not been recovaerable + - Recent finds of intact banboo strips and the ability of conserve and read them has revolutionaited the field of Chinese literature + - First inention of printing (movalbe type) - 1040 CE + - Mayan + - Prior proto writing: Olmec, Zaptotec (as more is known theese might become full writing systems) + - First example date to 300 BCE in central america + - Early texts are primarily about ownership of objects and poltical power + - The script is logosyllabic + - Materiality + - Mayan script was written on a wide variety of materials + - Painited onto vessals and walls + - Carved into wood and stone + - Each material/method has its own rate of surviavbility, what does this mean if certain genres of text were written on certain materials +- Key takeaways + - Writing is independantly invented in multiple places at different times + - We use this inevntion of writing to demarcate a major divisiion in historical eras (prehisoroy vs history) + - The ivention of writing is a gradual process + - Early writing is invened for a variery of purposes + - Writing is not neccesaarily analogous to recored speech + - Writing is inenvted in already cmplex sociertys with forms of proto-writing and not ex-novo (out of nothing) \ No newline at end of file