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UNB/Year 4/Semester 1/CS3418/9-15-2023.md

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+Lecture Topic: Virtualization
+
+|                   | Windows        | Linux                 |
+| ----------------- | -------------- | --------------------- |
+| Executable Format | .exe .bat .ps1 | .sh ELF standard .out |
+| Library Format    | .dll           | ELF .o .so            |
+
+Executables tend to not be portable, on Linux usually due to differences in the flavor of Linux, and even on windows due to different platform architecture. Interoperability is not guaranteed.
+
+The differences between simulation and emulation
+Simulation: getting the result
+Emulation: mimicking the behavior
+
+Virtualization: 
+Alternative to emulation and simulation: allows access to hardware by generating appropriate machine code
+
+Why Virtualization?
+- Access to hardware
+- Safety, sandboxed, controlled environment
+- Multiple Users
+
+Kinds of VMs
+
+Type 1 virtual machine: manages the VMs directly, with no interaction with a base kernel
+Type 2 virtual machine: manages the VMs through interactions with the hardware with a main kernel
+
+Process VM
+- One purpose functionality VM
+- Java VM as an example
+
+OS VM
+- Virtual machine that emulates entire OS/machine functionality
+
+Example VM stack
+- VirtualBox VM
+- VirtualBox VMM
+- Windows
+- Hyper-V
+- Hardware
+
+| Virtualbox       | Hyper-V        |
+| ---------------- | -------------- |
+| OS VM, Type 2 VM | VMM, Type 1 VM |
+
+| WSL                                           | Docker                           |
+| --------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
+| Uses Hyper-V, Reuses system calls if possible | Containers, minimal dependencies |