# Systems ## Ideology - In the mid 20th century, it was thought ideology was a circle - This idea has been challenged and is no longer the consensus ## Culture - A set of principles, ideas, attitudes, or values that are commonly held but not integrated into a formal system of thought ## Differences between ideology and cultural **Ideological**: Che Guevara t-shirt with Obama poster styling **Cultural**: Che Guevara red t-shirt # Political Culture | Conservatives | Liberals | | ---- | ---- | | Hyper individualism | Communtarian | | Materialsm | Motivated by factors other than economics | | Compettion | Group motivated | | Suspicion of others | Belief in progress - moving forward | | Live for the moment or highlight the past | Egalitarian | | Hierarchy | | # Ideologies ## Communism (Left) - Classless, stateless, money-less communal living - Common ownership of the means of production ## Socialism - Economic system where the means of production, capital, and agriculture are owned by the State - Strict limits of private enterprises, limited accumulation of wealth, work together to provide a high degree of income equality ## Social Democrat (Big in United States) - Highlights the importance of the democracy in moving forward a socialist state - Believes in a highly regulated and heavily taxed private enterprise but they do not want the sate to own banks or make cars - Wealthy should pay more taxes - Free college education - Medicate for all ## Liberalism - 19th Century Liberalism - The first term to appear in west European politics in the 19th century - Used to describe a representative government with a free market - John Locke: The three principles - Individualism - Equality - Property - Became a part of american liberalism philosophy - Governments exist not because of divine intervention but rather to protect the rights of individuals - Americans did not refer to themselves this way, but was later applied in the 20th century to describe early american ideology - Laissez Faire Liberalism - Turn of the 1890s century til mid 1930s - Social Darwinism - Government should not interfere in the lives of the people or in industry - No social nets - If misfortune found you it was probably your fault - If you were a captain of industry you were doing something right and should be rewarded - Turn of the Century - Industrialization, urbanization, and immigration - Rise of progressives, with the notion of order, control and progress - 20th Century Liberalism - New Deal liberalism - State over the individual - Equality - Focus on progress. Making ourselves and society better. We can get better - The government has an important role to play in improving society - Values diversity ## Progressive-ism - 20th Century Progressivism - 1900-1920 - Progressive era - Social reform movement - Both Democrats and Republican. Teddy Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson - COP = Control, Order, Progress - Child Labor Laws, Food safety - 21st Century Progressivism - 2000s - Leftist Democrats - Congressional Progressive caucus founded 1991 - "Medicare for all" - Dead with economic hardships "living wage" - Civil service reform, food safety, rights for women and US workers, climate change, Humane immigration policies ## Conservatism - The word (and human kind) is flawed. It will always be so - Society should be governed by natural laws and ones conscience - Tradition and hierarchy are important - Government exist to protect individual freedoms - Economic freedom is an extension of individual freedom - Taking the constitution literally, at face value ## Libertarian-ism - Similar to conservatism (fiscal conservatism) - But socially liberal - Liberty is the core principle - Maximize political freedom - Skeptical of the authority of state power ## Capitalism - Economic Indivudialism - Private ownership of the means of production (business) and capital (banks, land, property) - Low levels of taxation and regulation - Unfettered competition. No subsidies, ballots or protectionism - Free flow of goods, services and capital both domestically and internationally - GNP - Gross national product, includes GDP ## Fascism (Right) - Authoritarianism that relies on dictatorial power - One party dictatorship - It holds that opposition should be forcibly suppressed - The strong regimentation of the economy - The government controls all aspects of behavior. Social regimentation ## Trump-ism: The philosophy espoused by Donald Trump - Authoritarian - National: America first (make america great again) - Traditional: Reliance on old industries - coal, steel, farming - Hierarchical (race and gender) - Populist (anti-elitist, sort of) - Anti-immigrant - Cuts taxes, opposes free trade - Opposes government regulation - Anti-abortion (sort of)