Notes/UNB/Year 5/Semester 1/HIST1451/In class notes.md

Systems

Ideology

• In the mid 20th century, it was thought ideology was a circle
• This idea has been challenged and is no longer the consensus

Culture

• A set of principles, ideas, attitudes, or values that are commonly held but not integrated into a formal system of thought

Differences between ideology and cultural

Ideological: Che Guevara t-shirt with Obama poster styling Cultural: Che Guevara red t-shirt

Political Culture

Conservatives	Liberals
Hyper individualism	Communtarian
Materialsm	Motivated by factors other than economics
Compettion	Group motivated
Suspicion of others	Belief in progress - moving forward
Live for the moment or highlight the past	Egalitarian
Hierarchy

Ideologies

Communism (Left)

• Classless, stateless, money-less communal living
• Common ownership of the means of production

Socialism

• Economic system where the means of production, capital, and agriculture are owned by the State
• Strict limits of private enterprises, limited accumulation of wealth, work together to provide a high degree of income equality

Social Democrat (Big in United States)

• Highlights the importance of the democracy in moving forward a socialist state
• Believes in a highly regulated and heavily taxed private enterprise but they do not want the sate to own banks or make cars
• Wealthy should pay more taxes
• Free college education
• Medicate for all

Liberalism

• 19th Century Liberalism
  • The first term to appear in west European politics in the 19th century
  • Used to describe a representative government with a free market
  • John Locke: The three principles
    • Individualism
    • Equality
    • Property
  • Became a part of american liberalism philosophy
  • Governments exist not because of divine intervention but rather to protect the rights of individuals
  • Americans did not refer to themselves this way, but was later applied in the 20th century to describe early american ideology
• Laissez Faire Liberalism
  • Turn of the 1890s century til mid 1930s
  • Social Darwinism
  • Government should not interfere in the lives of the people or in industry
  • No social nets
  • If misfortune found you it was probably your fault
  • If you were a captain of industry you were doing something right and should be rewarded
  • Turn of the Century
    • Industrialization, urbanization, and immigration
    • Rise of progressives, with the notion of order, control and progress
• 20th Century Liberalism
  • New Deal liberalism
  • State over the individual
  • Equality
  • Focus on progress. Making ourselves and society better. We can get better
  • The government has an important role to play in improving society
  • Values diversity

Progressive-ism

• 20th Century Progressivism
  • 1900-1920
  • Progressive era
  • Social reform movement
  • Both Democrats and Republican. Teddy Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson
  • COP = Control, Order, Progress
  • Child Labor Laws, Food safety
• 21st Century Progressivism
  • 2000s
  • Leftist Democrats
  • Congressional Progressive caucus founded 1991
  • "Medicare for all"
  • Dead with economic hardships "living wage"
  • Civil service reform, food safety, rights for women and US workers, climate change, Humane immigration policies

Conservatism

• The word (and human kind) is flawed. It will always be so
• Society should be governed by natural laws and ones conscience
• Tradition and hierarchy are important
• Government exist to protect individual freedoms
• Economic freedom is an extension of individual freedom
• Taking the constitution literally, at face value

Libertarian-ism

• Similar to conservatism (fiscal conservatism)
• But socially liberal
• Liberty is the core principle
• Maximize political freedom
• Skeptical of the authority of state power

Capitalism

• Economic Indivudialism
• Private ownership of the means of production (business) and capital (banks, land, property)
• Low levels of taxation and regulation
• Unfettered competition. No subsidies, ballots or protectionism
• Free flow of goods, services and capital both domestically and internationally
• GNP - Gross national product, includes GDP

Fascism (Right)

• Authoritarianism that relies on dictatorial power
• One party dictatorship
• It holds that opposition should be forcibly suppressed
• The strong regimentation of the economy
• The government controls all aspects of behavior. Social regimentation

Trump-ism: The philosophy espoused by Donald Trump

• Authoritarian
• National: America first (make america great again)
• Traditional: Reliance on old industries - coal, steel, farming
• Hierarchical (race and gender)
• Populist (anti-elitist, sort of)
• Anti-immigrant
• Cuts taxes, opposes free trade
• Opposes government regulation
• Anti-abortion (sort of)